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This book introduces and studies a number of stochastic models of subsistence, communication, social evolution and political transition that will allow the reader to grasp the role of uncertainty as a fundamental property of our irreversible world. At the same time, it aims to bring about a more interdisciplinary and quantitative approach across very diverse fields of research in the humanities and social sciences. Through the examples treated in this work – including anthropology, demography, migration, geopolitics, management, and bioecology, among other things – evidence is gathered to show that volatile environments may change the rules of the evolutionary selection and dynamics of any social system, creating a situation of adaptive uncertainty, in particular, whenever the rate of change of the environment exceeds the rate of adaptation. Last but not least, it is hoped that this book will contribute to the understanding that inherent randomness can also be a great opportunity – for social systems and individuals alike – to help face the challenge of “survival under uncertainty”.

Physics. --- Philosophy and social sciences. --- Sociophysics. --- Econophysics. --- Science --- Complexity, Computational. --- Social structure. --- Social inequality. --- Socio- and Econophysics, Population and Evolutionary Models. --- Social Structure, Social Inequality. --- Philosophy of the Social Sciences. --- Societal Aspects of Physics. --- Complexity. --- Social aspects. --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Organization, Social --- Social organization --- Complexity, Computational --- Science and society --- Sociology of science --- Social sciences and philosophy --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Anthropology --- Social institutions --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory --- Economics --- Statistical physics --- Mathematical sociology --- Social sciences --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Statistical methods --- Engineering. --- Data-driven Science, Modeling and Theory Building. --- Societal Aspects of Physics, Outreach and Education. --- Philosophy. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Social philosophy --- Social theory --- Uncertainty --- Mathematical models. --- Science—Social aspects. --- Computational complexity. --- Equality.

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This book introduces and studies a number of stochastic models of subsistence, communication, social evolution and political transition that will allow the reader to grasp the role of uncertainty as a fundamental property of our irreversible world. At the same time, it aims to bring about a more interdisciplinary and quantitative approach across very diverse fields of research in the humanities and social sciences. Through the examples treated in this work – including anthropology, demography, migration, geopolitics, management, and bioecology, among other things – evidence is gathered to show that volatile environments may change the rules of the evolutionary selection and dynamics of any social system, creating a situation of adaptive uncertainty, in particular, whenever the rate of change of the environment exceeds the rate of adaptation. Last but not least, it is hoped that this book will contribute to the understanding that inherent randomness can also be a great opportunity – for social systems and individuals alike – to help face the challenge of “survival under uncertainty”.

Philosophy --- Social sciences (general) --- Social stratification --- Sociology --- Economics --- Numerical analysis --- Statistical physics --- Physics --- Computer science --- Computer. Automation --- psychosociale wetenschappen --- sociologie --- bevolking --- computers --- economie --- informatica --- sociale filosofie --- sociale ongelijkheid --- fysica

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This book demonstrates how mathematical methods and techniques can be used in synergy and create a new way of looking at complex systems. It becomes clear nowadays that the standard (graph-based) network approach, in which observable events and transportation hubs are represented by nodes and relations between them are represented by edges, fails to describe the important properties of complex systems, capture the dependence between their scales, and anticipate their future developments. Therefore, authors in this book discuss the new generalized theories capable to describe a complex nexus of dependences in multi-level complex systems and to effectively engineer their important functions. The collection of works devoted to the memory of Professor Valentin Afraimovich introduces new concepts, methods, and applications in nonlinear dynamical systems covering physical problems and mathematical modelling relevant to molecular biology, genetics, neurosciences, artificial intelligence as well as classic problems in physics, machine learning, brain and urban dynamics. The book can be read by mathematicians, physicists, complex systems scientists, IT specialists, civil engineers, data scientists, urban planners, and even musicians (with some mathematical background). .

Discrete mathematics --- Mathematics --- Classical mechanics. Field theory --- Mechanical properties of solids --- Applied physical engineering --- patroonherkenning --- grafentheorie --- toegepaste mechanica --- systeemtheorie --- dynamica --- optica

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Cities can be considered to be among the largest and most complex artificial networks created by human beings. Due to the numerous and diverse human-driven activities, urban network topology and dynamics can differ quite substantially from that of natural networks and so call for an alternative method of analysis. The intent of the present monograph is to lay down the theoretical foundations for studying the topology of compact urban patterns, using methods from spectral graph theory and statistical physics. These methods are demonstrated as tools to investigate the structure of a number of real cities with widely differing properties: medieval German cities, the webs of city canals in Amsterdam and Venice, and a modern urban structure such as found in Manhattan. Last but not least, the book concludes by providing a brief overview of possible applications that will eventually lead to a useful body of knowledge for architects, urban planners and civil engineers.

Architecture -- Mathematical models. --- Cities and towns -- Mathematical models. --- City planning -- Statistical methods. --- Communities -- Mathematical models. --- Network analysis (Planning). --- City planning --- Cities and towns --- Communities --- Architecture --- Network analysis (Planning) --- Communities - Urban Groups --- Civil Engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Sociology & Social History --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Social Sciences --- Statistical methods --- Mathematical models --- Mathematical models. --- Physics. --- Regional planning. --- Urban planning. --- Architecture. --- Applied mathematics. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Human geography. --- Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity. --- Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning. --- Cities, Countries, Regions. --- Applications of Mathematics. --- Human Geography. --- Mathematics. --- Complex Systems. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Anthropology --- Geography --- Human ecology --- Physics --- Mathematical statistics --- Math --- Science --- Architecture, Western (Western countries) --- Building design --- Buildings --- Construction --- Western architecture (Western countries) --- Art --- Building --- Regional development --- Regional planning --- State planning --- Human settlements --- Land use --- Planning --- Landscape protection --- Design and construction --- Government policy --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Statics --- Management --- Statistical methods. --- Architecture, Primitive --- Community --- Social groups --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Urban systems --- Sociology, Urban --- Project networks --- System analysis

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Random walks (Mathematics) --- Diffusion processes --- Markov processes --- Charts, diagrams, etc